解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To figure out which and how many systems of genetic markers should be used to control for the effects of shared population history in studies examining the association between morphology and climate and to test cranial non-metric traits as an additional source of neutral distances for such studies. MATERIAL...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22894
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The Taung hominin fossil was recovered in 1924 during quarry operations in the tufa formations of the Buxton Limeworks. Reconstructions of the depositional environment of the juvenile Australopithecus skull have concentrated on the types of caves that form within the tufa. Hopley et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22883
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This research theoretically models and empirically records symphyseal surface strain during in vitro human mandibular wishboning (lateral transverse bending) in order to test one aspect of the hypothesis that the chin is an adaptive response to masticatory stresses. From a perspective of optimality, three qu...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22863
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The diet of tufted capuchins (Sapajus) is characterized by annual or seasonal incorporation of mechanically protected foods. Reliance on these foods raises questions about the dietary strategies of young individuals that lack strength and experience to access these resources. Previous research has demonstrat...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22865
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of geometric morphometric methods have recently been used to describe dental shape variation in human evolutionary studies. However, the applicability of these methods is limited when teeth are worn or are difficult to orient accurately. Here we show that elliptical best fits on outlines of dental tissues be...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22866
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interdisciplinary research has benefitted the fields of anthropology and engineering for decades: a classic example being the application of material science to the field of feeding biomechanics. However, after decades of research, discordances have developed in how mechanical properties are defined, measured, calcula...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22903
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review of the evidence for and against taxic diversity within the hominin clade, we begin by looking at the logic and the history of simple "ladder-like" interpretations of the hominin fossil record. We then look at the hominin fossil record in a series of time intervals and use current published evidence abou...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22902
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Vertical clinging and climbing have been integral to hypotheses about primate origins, yet little is known about how an animal with nails instead of claws resists gravity while on large, vertical, and cylindrical substrates. Here we test models of how force is applied to maintain posture, predicting (1) the ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22803
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:One-male social systems are usually characterized by polygyny and reproductive exclusion by a single resident male. Sometimes, however, secondary males join these groups, and this may carry fitness costs and/or benefits to the resident male. In hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas), which live in one...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22804
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The island cemetery site of Ostorf (Germany) consists of individual human graves containing Funnel Beaker ceramics dating to the Early or Middle Neolithic. However, previous isotope and radiocarbon analysis demonstrated that the Ostorf individuals had a diet rich in freshwater fish. The present study was und...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22788
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In recent years, several studies have shown that populations from cold, high-latitude regions tend to have relatively shorter limbs than populations from tropical regions, with most of the difference due to the relative length of the zeugopods (i.e., radius, ulna, tibia, fibula). This pattern has been explai...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22774
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The tool-assisted extractive foraging capabilities of captive (zoo) and semi-captive (sanctuary) bonobo (Pan paniscus) groups were compared to each other and to those known in wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The bonobos were provided with natural raw materials and challenge...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22778
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Maximum ingested food size (Vb ) is an empirically tested performance variable that can shed light on feeding energetics and adaptation in the masticatory system. Until now, this variable had been tested in strepsirrhines alone among primates. Here, we present the first data on Vb in a broad sample of anthro...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22779
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigate whether age profiles of Tsimane forager-horticulturalists' reported skill development are consistent with predictions derived from life history theory about the timing of productivity and reproduction. Previous studies of forager skill development have often focused on a few abilities (e.g. hu...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22757
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Studies of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ(13) C and δ(15) N) of modern tissues with a fast turnover, such as hair and fingernails, have established the relationship between these values in mothers and their infants during breastfeeding and weaning. Using collagen from high-resolution dentin...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22736
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies based on genetic diversity of North African populations have contributed to elucidate the modelling of the genetic landscape in this region. North Africa is considered as a distinct spatial-temporal entity on geographic, archaeological, and historical grounds, which has undergone the influence of differen...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22705
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A "dip" in the stable nitrogen isotope ratios (δ(15)N) of subadults in the late weaning/early post-weaning phase of growth and development has been observed. Speculatively, this is the mechanism of positive nitrogen balance operating among rapidly growing subadults. An alternate hypothesis for δ(15)N dips is...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22713
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studying the current distribution of genetic diversity in humans has important implications for our understanding of the history of our species. We analyzed a set of linked STR and SNP loci from the paternally inherited Y chromosome to infer the past demography of 55 African and Eurasian populations, using both the pa...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22707
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Comprehensive quantification of the shape and proportions of the medial tibial facet (MTF) of the talus (=astragalus) has been lacking for Primates and their closest relatives. In this study, aspects of MTF form were quantified and employed to test hypotheses about their functional and phylogenetic significa...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22702
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teilhardina belgica is one of the earliest fossil primates ever recovered and the oldest fossil primate from Europe. As such, this taxon has often been hypothesized as a basal tarsiiform on the basis of its primitive dental formula with four premolars and a simplified molar cusp pattern. Until recently [see Rose et al...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22664
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genus Saguinus represents a successful radiation of over 20 species of small-bodied New World monkeys. Studies of the tamarin diet indicate that insects and small vertebrates account for ∼16-45% of total feeding and foraging time, and represent an important source of lipids, protein, and metabolizable energy. Alth...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22654
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery that metabolically active brown fat is present in humans throughout ontogeny raises new questions about the interactions between thermoregulatory, metabolic, and skeletal homeostasis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is distinct from white adipose tissue (WAT) for its ability to burn, rather than store, energy...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22661
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chimpanzees show cultural differences among populations across Africa but also between neighboring communities. The extent of these differences among neighbors, however, remains largely unknown. Comparing three neighboring chimpanzee community in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, we found 27 putative cultural trai...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22628
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The production of structured and repetitive sounds by striking objects is a behavior found not only in humans, but also in a variety of animal species, including chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). In this study we examined individual and social factors that may influence the frequency with which individuals engage in drum...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22634
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Femoral head size provides important information on body size in extinct species. Although it is well-known that femoral head size is correlated with acetabular size, the precision with which femoral head size can be estimated from acetabular size has not been quantified. The availability of accurate 3D surface models...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22591
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present report follows up on the findings of previous research, including recent bioarchaeological study of well-dated Khoesan skeletal remains, that posits long term biological continuity among the indigenous peoples of South Africa after the Pleistocene. The Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System wa...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22526
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patterns of water consumption by past human populations are rarely considered, yet drinking behavior is socially mediated and access to water sources is often socially controlled. Oxygen isotope analysis of archeological human remains is commonly used to identify migrants in the archeological record, but it can also b...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22544
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isotope variations were studied in necropolises of the early (6th to 7th century CE) and central (10th to 11th century CE) medieval period located in Fruili-Venezia Giulia (Northeastern Italy). The two periods each shortly followed two great barbarian invasions that changed the politics and economy of Italy: the arriv...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22553
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Associations between season of birth and body size, morbidity, and mortality have been widely documented, but it is unclear whether different parts of the body are differentially sensitive, and if such effects persist through childhood. This may be relevant to understanding the relationship between early life environm...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22484
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates evidence of changes and continuities in ancient Maya violence and warfare in inland northwest Yucatan, Mexico from the Middle Preclassic (600-300 BC) to the Postclassic (AD 1050-1542) through bioarchaeological analysis of cranial and projectile trauma. It is hypothesized that the frequency of v...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22490
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Life history theory predicts a trade-off between immunostimulation and growth. Using a cross-sectional study design, this study aims to test the hypothesis that C-reactive protein (CRP) is negatively associated with height-for-age z-scores (HAZ scores) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ scores) among 6- to 19-year olds (N ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22470
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gorillas occupy a variety of habitats from the west coast to eastern central Africa. These habitats differ considerably in altitude, which has a pronounced effect on forest ecology. Although all gorillas are obligate terrestrial knuckle-walking quadrupeds, those that live in lowland habitats eat fruits and climb more ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22451
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variation in recent human mandibular form is often thought to reflect differences in masticatory behavior associated with variation in food preparation and subsistence strategies. Nevertheless, while mandibular variation in some human comparisons appear to reflect differences in functional loading, other comparisons i...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22437
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of enamel thickness has received considerable attention in regard to the taxonomic, phylogenetic and dietary assessment of human and non-human primates. Recent developments based on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) digital techniques have facilitated accurate analyses, preserving the original ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22421
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, medical concerns about the deleterious effects of closely inbred marriages have focused on the risk posed by recessive Mendelian disease, with much less attention to developmental instability. We studied the effects of inbreeding (first-cousin marriage) on growth and fluctuating asymmetry of 200 full-ter...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22401
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A very limiting factor for paleoanthropological studies is the poor state of preservation of the human fossil record, where fragmentation and deformation are considered normal. Although anatomical information can still be gathered from a distorted fossil, such specimens must typically be excluded from advanced morphol...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22376
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this review is to put core features of human sexuality in an evolutionary light. Toward that end, I address five topics concerning the evolution of human sexuality. First, I address theoretical foundations, including recent critiques and developments. While much traces back to Darwin and his view of sexual ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22394
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information about primate genomes has re-emphasized the importance of the great apes (Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo) as, for most purposes, the appropriate comparators when generating hypotheses about the most recent common ancestor of the hominins and panins, or the most recent common ancestor of the hominin clade. Great a...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22391
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone samples from a Middle Bronze Age (ca., 1600-1300 BC) site were prepared for histological analysis. Preliminary results suggested that components of bone marrow remained preserved. To verify these findings and optimize the sample preparation procedure, we conducted experiments varying the type of acid used to deca...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22375
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the sacrum contributes to the size and shape of the birth canal, the sexually dimorphic sacrum of humans is frequently interpreted within obstetric contexts. However, while the human sacrum has been extensively studied, comparatively little is known about sacral morphology in nonhuman primates. Thus, it remains unc...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22372
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00